Energija prihodnosti
9. marec 2009 ob 10:19 | Vest |Proces zlivanja atomski jeder je lahko odgovor na potrebo po čisti, zeleni, energiji prihodnosti. Pri fuziji se šibkeje vezana lahka jedra zlivajo v močneje vezana težja jedra in pri tem se sprosti energija. Tako nekako je zvenel zečetek predavanja Tomaža Gyergyeka iz Fakultete za elektrotehniko v Ljubljani. Fuzija daje energijo Soncu in drugim zvezdam. Plini pri visokih temperaturah preidejo v plazmo, četrto agregatno stanje, kjer se elektroni ločijo od atomski jeder. Plazma je na Zemlji nenavaden pojav, vendar je v vesolju kar 99 odstotkov snovi v obliki plazme.
Na našem, ne več tako modrem, planetu je potrebna temperatura za učinkovito proizvodnjo energije s fuzijo več kot 100 milijonov stopinj Celzija. Za doseganje tako visoke temperture je potrebno močno segrevanje plazme in pri tem čim manjša toplotna izguba. Plazma se tako ne sme dotikati sten posode. Dotik preprečujejo močna magnetna polja, ki ustvarijo magnetno kletko obročaste oblike, ki zadržuje nabite delce v plazmi.
Osnova prve generacije fuzijskih reaktorjev je zlivanje jeder devterija (D) in tritija (T). Ta dva izotopa vodika zahtevata samo zgoraj omenjeno temperaturo, druge fuzijske reakcije poterbujejo še višje temperature. Devterij se nahaja v vodi. Tritija pa v naravi ni, lahko pa ga proizvedemo v fuzijskem reaktorju iz litija.
Pri fuzijski reakciji se sprostita helijevo jedro in visokoenergijski nevtron. Nevtron, ki je električno nevtralen, lahko zapusti plazmo in se upočasni v oblogi, ki vsebuje litij. Litij se spremeni v tritij in ta se vrne v plazmo kot gorivo. Oddana energija nevtrona pa se bo uporabljala za proizvodnjo električne energije, kot toplota za industrijsko uporabo in verjetno tudi za proizvodnjo vodika.
Fuzijski reaktorji ne povzročajo nastanka toplogrednih plinov in drugih snovi, ki škodljivo vplivajo na okolje in povzročajo klimatske spremembe.
Več o fuziji lahko poiščete na spletnih straneh Slovenske fuzijske asociacije, EFDA in ITER-ja
Urh Maček
15. marec, 2009 ob 12:26
Zanimivo. Ravno pred kakšnim tednom sem se spraševal, kaj se zdaj dogaja s fuzijo. In Vest spet prispeva.
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