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14. februar 2009 ob 8:48 | Vest |30-LETNICA IRANSKE REVOLUCIJE
Iran praznuje 30 obletnico strmoglavljenja proameriškega šaha Reze Pahlavija in vzpostavitve islamske republike Iran. Na začetku leta 1979 se je iz izgnanstva v domovino vrnil ajatola Homeini, ki je 10. februarja razglasil zmago nad monarhijo. Novo islamsko ustavo, ki temelji na šiitski verski doktrini, so potrdili volilci decembra leta 1979 na referendumu. Eden izmed najzaneslivejših zahodnih zaveznikov je tako postal sovražnik, celo poosebljeno zlo.
V govoru na trgu pred Homeinijevem mavzolejem pred več tisočimi ljudmi je predsednik države Mahmud Ahmadinedžad do nove ameriške administracije nastopil bolj umirjeno. Priznanja starih grehov kot pogoja za začetek pogajanj ni omenjal. Ponovil je željo, da spremembe v ameriški zunanji politiki ne bodo le taktične, temveč predvsem vsebinske narave. Iran je pripravljen na dialog o vseh odprtih vprašanjih, če “so se ZDA pripravljene pogajati z Iranom kot enakopravnim partnerjem, ki si zasluži spoštovanje.
IZRAELSKO PREHITEVANJE PO DESNI
V Izraelu so potekale parlamentarne volitve. Po začasnih neuradnih volilnih rezultatih vodi Kadima z 28 osvojenimi poslanskimi sedeži. Likud ima en sedež manj, sledi Yisrael B. s 15, Laburisti s 13, ortodoksni Šas z 11 in dve ekstremno desni naselbeniški stranki s 7 poslanskimi mandati. Ne glede na to, kdo bo vodil novo koalicijsko vlado, je jasno, da bo ta močno desna in nacionalistična. Bivši redar iz nočnih klubov Avigdor Lieberman in predsednik tretje najmočnejše stranke bo postavljal pogoje. Netanjahujev Likud lahko teoretično zbere 65, Kadima pod Livnijevo 44 glasov. Preostalih enajst sedežev zasedata dve arabski stranki, ki najverjetneje ne bosta stopili ne v eno in ne v drugo koalicijo.
Hamas je izdal sporočilo za javnost, v katerem pravi, da so Izraelci izvolili teroristično trojko.
EGIPTOVSKA KOLABORACIJA
Oblast v Egiptu je preprečila članom mednarodne komisije vstop v Gazo. Komisijo je sestavil tožilec mednarodnega kazenskega sodišča v Haagu, preiskovala naj bi vojne zločine med izraelskim napadom na Gazo. Postopek so skupaj sprožili Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Palestinski center za človekove pravice in izraelski B’Tsalem.
Egipt je aretiral novinarja in generalnega sekretarja egiptovske delavske stranke, ker je hotel nelegalno prečkati mejo z Gazo. Namesto civilnega mu sodi vojaško sodišče. Na meji z Gazo so bili zavrnjeni tudi novinarji Al Jazeere, zahodni novinarji s tem niso imeli problemov.
Egipt postaja defacto izraelski zaveznik, saj aktivno sodeluje v 19 mesečni blokadi Gaze. Blokado je med 3 tedenskim izraelskim napadom še zaostril. V tem času ni dovolil niti prehoda ranjencem in humanitarni pomoči, izraelskim enotam, ki so sodelovale v napadu pa je dobavljal zelenjavo in sadje. Izrael je s sodelovanjem nadvse zadovoljen.
BRITANSKI PUDLJI
Tožba etiopijskega državljana s stalnim bivališčem v Veliki Britaniji Binyama Mohameda proti tej državi in ZDA je na dan prinesla še nekaj umazanih podrobnosti ugrabljanj, mučenj in pragmatizma največjih demokracij tega sveta.
Konec junija 2008 je britanska vlada sporočila Mohamedovi odvetnici, da poseduje informacije o njegovem mučenju. Odvetnica je začela s sodnim postopkom, ki bi zunanjemu ministrstvu zaukazal predajo vseh podatkov v zvezi z ugrabitvijo in mučenjem. Enak postopek je bil sprožen proti Irski, ki je služila kot tranzitna država.
Britansko višje sodišče je zahtevek odobrilo z razlago, da so te informacije nujne za nadaljevanje sodnih postopkov. Kasneje je vrhovno sodišče odobrilo uporabo dokumentov zunanjega ministrstva za potrebe tožbe, hkrati pa zavrnilo pravico javnosti do vpogleda v to dokumentacijo. V sodbi so zapisali, da bi javni vpogled v dokumetacijo po mnenju zunanjega ministrstva škodil mednarodnim odnosom, še posebej varnostno-obveščevalnem sodelovanju z ZDA. Poslabšanje odnosov ne bi bilo v interesu javnosti. V resnici so britancem s prekinitvijo varnostno-obveščevalnega sodelovanja grozili američani, čeprav zunanji minister Miliband zanika tovrstno izsiljevanje. Sodišče meni, da demokratični državi, kjer obstaja vladavina prava, ne more ukazovati druga demokracija, katere dokumente smejo ali ne smejo dati v javnost njeni lastni uradniki. Ameriška stališča se zaradi spremembe oblasti niso spremenila.
Binyam Mohamed je trenutno v Gvantanamu. Ugrabljen je bil v Karačiju leta 2002. Do danes je spoznal zapore v Pakistanu, Afganistanu, Maroku in Gvantanamu. Najhuje je bilo v Maroku, kjer so mu s skalpeli rezali po prsih in penisu. V Gvantanamu so ga, enako kot druge, zaradi odklanjanja hrane prisilno hranili skozi nos. Njegova odvetnica pravi, da bo Mohamed, če se sodni postopki ne bodo kmalu zaključili, zapustil supermax kamp V v Gvantanamu ali nor ali mrtev. Vse kaže, da se Obama ni povsem odrekel vsebini Bushevih predsedniških ukazov. Z njim ukinja zapore za ugrabljene osumljence, dovolil izjemo. Ti objekti bodo ostali, vendar bodo lahko sprejemali ugrabljence le za kratko prehodno obdobje.
PREDSEDNIŠKA TROJKA ZA DEKRIMINALIZACIJO
Bivši predsedniki Brazilije, Mehike in Kolumbije so v poročilu Latinsko-ameriške komisije za droge in demokracijo pozvali Obamovo administracijo, da spremeni politiko t.i. vojne proti mamilom. To je razglasil že Richard Nixon. Obstoječe politike boja proti drogam, ki temeljijo predvsem na represivnih organih, torej vojski in policiji, niso obrodile sadov. Po mnenju predsednikov je potrebno uživanje drog razumeti kot problem javnega zdravja in ne kot kriminalno početje. Potrebno je detabuizirati tematiko, saj je le tako možna poštena in iskrena razprava. Med predlogi trojke je tudi dekriminalizacija posesti kanabisa za osebno uporabo, zdravljenje odvisnikov in še posebej preventivno delovanje, ki bi zmanjšalo povpraševanje.
Čeprav z ameriško pomočjo potekata operaciji proti proizvajalcem in razpečevalcem drog Plan Colombia in Plan Merida za Mehiko, ti nista obrodili nikakršnih vidnih rezultatov. Proizvodnja koke v Kolumbiji se je od leta 2000 povečala za 15%. Cilj 4.9 mrd $ vredne pomoči je bil prepolovitev proizvodnje koke. Mehiko pa je zajel val nasilja povezanega s trgovino z drogami. Samo lani je bilo ubitih 5300 ljudi.
TURŠKI GLADIO
V Turčiji se odvija sodni proces, ki ima močne politične učinke. Gre za sojenje pripadnikom tajne teroristične organizacije Ergenekon, ki je povezana z uradnimi vojaškimi in obveščevalskimi strukturami.
Upokojeni državni tožilec trdi, da ima zveza NATO sezname civilnih in vojaških članov, ki tvorijo jedro organizacije. Če bi zveza hotela, bi te sezname priskrbela turškemu državnemu tožilstvu, s tem pa pomagala preiskavi in sodnemu procesu, ki se je začel oktobra lani. Aretirano je bilo več kot 200 ljudi, proti 86 je vložena obtožnica, ki je spisana na 2500 straneh. Med aretiranimi so generali, pomembni politiki, novinarji in akademiki. Organizacija Ergenekon naj bi bila primerljiva s strukturo tajnih zalednih enot, ki so bile vzpostavljene po II. svetovni vojni kot obramba pred komunistično invazijo. Pripadniki teh enot so bili v glavnem rekrutirani iz vojaških, policijskih in obveščevalnih vrst. Večina organizacij je bila povezana z ultradesničarskimi gibanji, iz katerih so rekrutirale dobršen del operativcev. Te organizacije so izvedle množico napadov in atentatov, ki jih so jih pripisali političnim nasprotnikom. Ergenekon naj bi podobno kot loža P2 v operaciji Gladio tajno podpirali pripadniki politične, ekonomske in vojaške elite. Sodni proces buri turško javnost, ki je globoko razdeljena glede vprašanj politične pripadnosti, vere, naroda, države in vloge vojske v njej. Liberalci in islamisti v sojenju vidijo prvi poskus demontaže »globoke države«. Za pristaše nacionalističnih sekularistov, ki vidijo vojsko kot temelj sekularne Turčije, je sodni proces montiran. Njegov edini namen je očrniti vojsko in opozicijo.
Jura Štok
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